In the event of not being able to perform replantation due to the severe damage of the cut section unfortunately or if the cut was made too long ago, other techniques need to be considered. Areas such as the hand or finger are composed of various tissues including fingernails, nerves, tendons, blood vessels and skins, etc. Accordingly, when micro-surgery was not developed, such tissues from various other parts of the body were gathered to be used in the reconstruction surgery of the hand and finger. However, this approach left many scars throughout the body and even if the hand and finger are reconstructed, the results were extremely dissatisfactory in both the functions and appearances.

Accordingly, surgical procedure of transferring toes that are the most similar structure in the body to the hand and fingers anatomically by using micro-surgery is being attempted frequently. Reconstruction procedure for fingers has widely ranging purposes including restoration of the most fundamental functions of the finger to reconstruction for the cosmetic purpose of the finger nail and the tip of the fingers.

The results of the surgery are more outstanding the further to the tip of the finger is subjected to surgery because the nerves and the movement of the tendons of the finger that remained healthier are highly helpful in the procedure. Firstly, the thumb is responsible for more than 50% of all the functions of the entire hand by performing counter movement in combination with the other 4 fingers. Moreover, it performs the action of grasping handle of automobile steering wheel of door handle by using large contact area between the thumb and index finger.

In general, if the thumb is lost, the technique of separating and transferring a portion of the big toe with some portion of the toe left behind to ensure that there is no severe difficulty in walking is used most frequently. In the case of the other fingers, the second toe is used most frequently because the absence of this toe does not present significant difficulty in walking. In addition, if all the fingers are lost due to severe damage, 2 toes are transferred simultaneously. The desirable of time of surgery include within 2~3 days after the injury or after a substantial period of time has lapsed such as more than 6 months.

Due to the advancement of surgical microscope and micro-surgical technique, replantation surgery of the severed finger or hand is performed quite commonly. Although micro-surgery was thought as a special surgery performed only at some of the university hospitals until the latter part of the 1980's, it is now widely generalized.

It is possible to achieve success rate of more than 90% if the injury is by sharp knife or cutter and it is attempted even if the severed fingers are severely crushed or pulled out. However, the restoration of the function following the surgery differs substantially depending on the extent of the injured area and how it was injured.

Firstly, the bones in the severed area are connected with wire or metal plate, and curvature and extensor ligament, blood vessels, blood vessels, nerves and skin are sutured. Among these, the anastomosis of the blood vessels is most important since blood needs to be supplied to the severed finger. Since the blood vessels in the fingers are very thin with diameter of approximately 1mm, micro-suture surgery must be performed under surgical microscope and by micro-surgeon with extensive experiences.

In general, it is a very difficult and arduous surgical procedure that takes 3~5 or 7~8 hours in the case of complete severed fingers. It is not necessarily good to complete the surgery in short period of time since all the nerves in charge of senses of the fingers as well as all other structures within the fingers have to be meticulously connected.

Even if the surgery fails, it is possible to obtain satisfactory results both functionally or in appearances if one were to undergo reconstruction surgery for the fingertip by using toe. Obviously, there is no need to be concerned about the functions of the foot at all.

Burn refers to the damages in the cells due to the deformation and coagulation of the protein arising from heat that leads to the necrosis of the tissues. Although slight burn will heal itself without any difficulty, severe burn necessitates surgical procedures such as skin graft and functional disability may result due to the skin contracture after the burn.
In particular, it is essential that treatment and care by specialist in hand surgery (specialist in highly specific area of hand surgery) capable of treating both the function and appearance of the hand rather than treatment for burns by general surgeons since damages in the functions of the tendons, nerves and joints under the skin arising from the burn needs to be addressed.

Skin naturally undergoes contracture when burned and growth only to the level of 70~80% of the normal skin can be achieved even if skin graft is performed. Accordingly, for children, 2~3 surgical procedures must be performed until the growth stops. Skin graft is performed in the case of 2nd degree or 3rd degree burns. In the case of children, skin is taken from the groin or sole of the foot for the skin graft surgery.

The sole of the foot will have color that is similar to that of hand after the grafting, and it is easier to cover the scar. However, the skin needs to be collected thinly from the sole of the foot. In the case of the groin, it is possible to take thicker and bigger skin, it will leave scar line and there is the disadvantage of the grafted skin turning dark color later on.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is one of the most common diseases in the domain of the hand surgery and can be treated through simple and safe surgical technique. The level of satisfaction of the patients is very high due to the dramatic improvement of the symptoms following the surgery.

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common of the peripheral nerve compression syndromes with manifestation of symptoms such as numbing, pain, lowering of senses, edema and weakening of strength of hand and fingers because of the compression of the median nerve at the wrinkle area, which is in charge of the thumb, index, loug and half of the ring finger.

The median nerve is the nerve originating from the spinal cord and extending to the fingers, and can be compressed by excessive use of any anatomical structure in any part of the body that the nerve passes through. The wrist is one of the structures of our body with the widest range of movements. The median nerve is most frequently compressed at the wrist by the transverse carpal ligament of the wrist. The wrist joint is composed of hard horizontal ligament at the roof and wrist joint bones at the floor with 9 tendons along with the median nerve that moves the fingers passing through this structure. If the movement of the fingers and the wrist is excessive, the median nerve becomes compressed by the swelling of the fascia that wraps around the tendons or by the hard transverse carpal ligament.

Therefore, numbness in the thicklcened occurs not only in the housewives, computer users, laborers and office workers but also in students. In particular, such symptoms can be severer for pregnant women. Rarely, hump may occur underneath the transverse carpal ligament for further compress the median nerve to induce numbness of the hand.